Synthesis And Characterization Of Ha / Alumina - 1937 Words

Synthesis and Characterization of HA/Alumina and HA/MgO Nanocomposite for Biomedical Applications V.Vijayalakshmi a*, P.Dhanasekaran a, M.Sathish b a Department of Physics, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Erode, India. b Department of Physics, P.S.G College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, India. Email ID: vijiphysics007@gmail.com Abstract: In this study, HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites were successfully prepared by using hydrothermal method at 2500C. The mechanisms of composite formation, crystallite size, crystallinity, morphology, were studied HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites. XRD and FTIR investigations showed an intermolecular interaction between HA/Alumina and HA/MgO. The formation of HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites are polycrystalline in nature. It confirmed in TEM analysis. TEM images further ascertained that HAP/Alumina were formed in a short nanorod shape and HA/MgO nanocomposites shows nanocluster like morphology. The FTIR measurement shows the appropriate vibrational spectra of HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites. The UV-VIS measurements show the band-gap of HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites. This study provides a platform for further research on the HA/Alumina and HA/MgO nanocomposites for biomedical applications. Keywords: Nanocomposites; Hydroxyapatite; Alumina; MgO; TEM; X-Ray Diffraction; 1. Introduction HA- Alumina nanocomposite is biocompatible and has desirable mechanical and physical properties. Less cost, simple synthesisShow MoreRelatedNano Crystaline Magnetic Materials960 Words   |  4 Pageselectrical and magnetic properties. Effect of Mn doping on the microstructures and initial permeability was investigated by Xiaohui Wang et al [13]. The results of the investigation showed that the substitution of Mn substitution into NiCuZn ferrite has a great influence on electromagnetic properties. 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It has been observed that the addition of nanomaterials would improve the corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength etc. of cementitious composites. However, the exact mechanism responsible for improvementRead MoreRemoval Of Copper ( II ) Ions From Aqueous Solution Using Kaolinite And Metakaolinite3433 Words   |  14 PagesYaoundà ©, University of Yaoundà © I - Cameroon Abstract The adsorption potential of two clays namely Kaolinite (KAO) and Metakaolinite (MKB) for the removal of copper (II) ions from aqueous solution was investigated. The chemical and morphological characterization of KAO and MKB were carried-out using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XFS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis methods. The effects of pH, contact time and initial concentration of Copper (II) ions solutionRead MoreManagement Of Implementation Of Nanotechnology On Upstream Oil Industry : An Analytic Hierarchy Process Analysis4997 Words   |  20 Pagesof Chemical Engineering, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran 3 Department of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman Abstract Nanotechnology has had revolutionary effects in various fields of industry such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, and biomaterials. However, upstream oil industry has been noticeably slow in adopting the emerging technologies. This is most likely due to the exceptionally large investments needed to implement novel technologies in this industryRead MoreLi-Ion Batteries10392 Words   |  42 Pagespreferred technology to achieve this. As a result and for the purpose of this review, only the Li-ion battery (rather than the Li-metal battery) will be considered. This contribution is interested in presenting the issues and challenges this technology has and will encounter. Given the huge volume of literature published on this subject, this report cannot aim to cover everything, for example, experimentals are not a point of focus. As a result, an introduction describing the way these batteries generically

Hume s Theory Of Free Will - 2486 Words

1- The purpose of this paper: In this paper, I will defend Hume’s definition of free will in which he emphasized the freedom of action instead of freedom of will. For Hume, freedom means only the absence of external coercive force. I will argue in favor of Hume definition of free will from three perspectives. Firstly, I will argue that Hume’s agnosticism concerning the problem of mind and body relation was the solid epistemological basis for this this definition and it has not been refuted on scientific grounds. Unlike Descartes, Hume didn’t speculate about the nature of human mind and whether it exists independently from the body. Secondly, the narrow definition of free will or freedom of action provides the most intelligible†¦show more content†¦Moreover, God created the world with unbreakable regularity and gave human limited ability to learn and be guided by them. God commanded us to act or not to act at given circumstances and we were given the fre e will to act and not to act, consistent with human ability to learn about regularity of the law of nature. 2- Summary of Hume’s philosophical position in the enquiry: In his inquiry concerning human understanding, David Hume the Scottish philosopher defended his deterministic view of the world. At the same time, he maintained that this view doesn’t contradict with human free will as basis for morality. In that article, Hume proposed the concept of necessity by which he meant that nothing exists without a cause of its existence. It is universally accepted that every natural effect determined by the energy of its cause. It is also a fact of life that the natural law permits no other effect to result from that the same cause under the same exact circumstances. There is, indeed, unbreakable prevailing regularity and interdependence of natural phenomena from which human get guidance for proper course of actions. According to Hume, human learns about causation and necessity from observable regularity in the law of nature. If there is no such

Recycling Done Easy free essay sample

But ALL of us will leave behind TRASH. Lets think how long that trash stays on the Earth. If we drink a Pepsi out of an aluminum can today and throw the can in the trash, it will stay there at least for 60 years, because that is how long it take for soda cans to decompose. We will be 80 maybe 90 years old, some of us may be gone even, but that can will stay somewhere in a landfill. If we use a Styrofoam cup to drink our coffee the cup will stay there forever. Styrofoam never decomposes. All the good things we have done will be gone. The great-grandchildren of our grandchildren will be gone but the Styrofoam cup that we throw in the trash will continue to pollute the earth. Now consider that Americans throw away 25 billion Styrofoam cups a year. Let me tell you how this trash impacts our world, how we can reduce it, II. BODY A. That trash poses a big problem for us because of the damage it causes the environment and our health. [Monroes Motivated Sequence Need Step] 1. Think about it. If we leave small heaps of trash lying around in our apartment or home, eventually that trash will start to disintegrate. . It will take up space. It will create dirt and a stench. It will attract rats and roaches, which will be very hard to get rid of. ii. It will breed bacteria and viruses which can get us very sick. 2. The same happens on the global and national scale. And that’s not just a little bit of trash. i. Let’s look at the U. S. The United States is the number one trash producing country in the world. In fact, US generation of municipal waste has increased from 137 million tons to 230 million tons in 2007, almost twofold. ii. An average American, like me and you generates 4. pounds of waste per day and almost 1,700 pounds of waste per year (New York Times). That means that 5% of world popula tion produces 40% of the world’s waste. (OECD) iii. The trash we produce ends up in landfills, it pollutes our water, soil and air. It attracts rodents and insects. It facilitates spread of disease, including plague (Diaz) . iv. And when trash decomposes or is treated, it releases green house gas emissions, which also contributes to global warming (EPA). B. What can we do about the trail of trash that we leave behind? [Monroes Sequence Satisfaction Step] 1. We can reduce it by recycling. Effective recycling reduces the amount of trash that ends up in landfills and makes new landfills unnecessary. 2. Recycling also reduces the waste of precious resources, including energy, timber and water. i. For example, to produce each weeks Sundays newspapers, about 500,000 trees must be cut down, but if we recycle all of the issues of New York Times published in a single day, we could save 75,000 trees. (Recycling Revolution) 3. The problem of the waste of resources is very urgent. i. For example, East Africa is currently suffering from severe droughts that are taking lives. Meanwhile, immense quantities of water are polluted through industrial production. Recycling trash uses less water than producing the same products from virgin raw materials. Specifically, if we use recycled paper 60% of water used for manufacturing is saved. When recycling steel 40% of industrial water is saved. (Recycling Revolution) 4. In other words, recycling significantly reduces the problem of the waste of clean water. C. The survey of this class shows that all of us recycle. So we all know about the need for recycling and its advantages. However, we know that not everyone recycles. And research shows that not everyone who understands the necessity of recycling, actually recycles. Why is that? [Monroes Motivated Sequence Visualization Step] 1. There are two challenges, which I will try to address. i. First is that recycling doesn’t bring an immediate material benefit. However, there is an immediate moral benefit of doing the right thing. Furthermore, there are long-term health benefits. If we do not recycle, we may suffer from diseases like cancer 50 years from now. ii. The second challenge of recycling is as follows. We all recycle, so we all know that it takes time and it is difficult if the right conditions are not there. In other words, recycling requires a conscious commitment on our part. However, there are simple steps that can make the task easier for us. 1. For example, we can put a box for paper and newspapers next to our trash bin. If we rinse and crash plastic juice bottles, soda cans, and milk containers they will not smell and will take less space. And we can take out or recyclables when more accumulates. 2. If recycling bins do not exist near our homes, we may be able to request blue recycling carts from local authorities. It may help to familiarize ourselves with the location of a closest drop-off center at www. chicagorecycling. org. If a drop-off center is too far, then it might be even easier to look at the nearest park. Chicago Park District Authority usually puts recycling bins in the parks. If we make sorting our trash easier and faster we are more likely to keep recycling. D. Studies also show that people are more likely to recycle if they live in communities which recycle or if they have friends and neighbors who recycle. [Monroes Motivated Sequence Action Step] 1. Therefore, my challenge to this class will be to join in the effort to raise awareness about recycling and make ourselves commit to recycling by talking to at least one friend or co-worker about recycling within the next month. That way we can hold each other accountable in our recycling efforts. III. CONCLUSION: Recycling or not recycling in fact defines us as human beings. Do we recognize ourselves as members of the entire human family and realize that we are trashing and polluting the Earth, our home. Do we, as responsible citizens, think carefully about the footprint we leave behind? Or do we just leave trash? Works Cited: Diaz, L. t al. Solid Waste Management, Volume 2. UNEP/Earthprint, 2006. International Waste Activities. † 2003. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 12 Oct 2009. http://epa. gov Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, â€Å"Municipal Waste Generation Statistics for the OEDC Area,† OECD Factbook, 2010. Oskamp, Stuart. Resource Conse rvation and Recycling: Behavior and Policy. Journal of Social Issues 51. 4 (1995): 157-177. Print. The New York Times, â€Å"Nugdging Recycling from Less Waste to None,† October 19, 2009 Recycling Revolution, â€Å"Recycling Facts,† http://www. recycling-revolution. com/recycling-facts. html Accessed July 22, 2011

Simens Case Study Essay Example

Simens Case Study Essay Motivation within a creative environment A Siemens case study http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/siemens/motivation-within-a-creative-environment/introduction. html#axzz2OdbuuXae 3 theories: Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory Herzberg’s Two-factor Theory (Satisfiers and dissatisfiers)This case study focuses upon three different theories of motivation which include Frederick Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory, Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory and Herzberg’s Two-factor Theory (Satisfiers and dissatisfiers) and uses these to illustrate how employees are motivated within an engineering environment at Siemens. Maslows hierarchy of needs was first articulated in 1943 by Abraham Maslow which is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid with the largest, most fundamental levels of needs at the bottom and the need for self-actualization at the top.With reference to the Siemens’ case study, it can be seem that the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs can be used for recognition and developing people. One important element for self-esteem is recognition of accomplishments. Whenever you are recognized and praised for any accomplishment by someone whose opinion you hold in high regard, the self-esteem goes up, along with eagerness and enthusiasm to do even better on the job. Therefore, siemens runs schemes in which suggestions and projects for improvements are rewarded.Self-actualization is to develop or achieve employee’s full potential during working so that to make the ideal-self equals to actual-self. We will write a custom essay sample on Simens Case Study specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Simens Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Simens Case Study specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Self-actualization leads to better work and peak performance. For example, engineering staff training helps engineers to extend their capabilities which may lead to a progression up the career ladder as well as to meet the changing demands of the business global markets. * Frederick Herzberg proposed Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory in 1950s.It states that there are certain factors in the workplace that causes job satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. * The first factor is Motivators that give positive satisfaction, arising from intrinsic conditions of the job itself and stimulate better performance such as * recognition of achievements, opportunities for growth and development. * Hygiene factors means the employee would be dissatisfied with the absent of * the factors.These are extrinsic to the work itself, and include aspects such as * salary, working conditions, company policies and interpersonal relations. It can be concluded from Herzberg’s theory that it is important for managers to achieve the balance of hygiene factors and motivators factors to stimulate higher levels of performance of employees. With reference to the Siemens case, Siemens strengthening motivations by raising awareness of issues with employees and encourage their involvement to reduce dissatisfactions as well as creative environment of the engineering industry creates recognition and growth.

Critique on Creating Shared Value

Critique on Creating Shared Value In the January –February 2011 issue of ‘The Harvard Business Review,’ Michael porter and Mark Kramer wrote an article titled â€Å"The Big Idea-Creating Shared Value†. According to Porter and Cramer, the concept of shared value can be defined as â€Å"policies and operating practices that enhance the competitiveness of a company while simultaneously advancing the economic and social conditions in the communities in which it operates†.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Critique on Creating Shared Value specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This quote from Peter Brabeck can bring the definition home. This new approach of doing business puts societies wellbeing at the centre of the companys strategy and operations. It enables the business to maximize economic value for the company while addressing societal challenges. They contend that this is a modern way of doing business and many companie s are embracing it for example GM, Nestle, Uniliver, Intel, Wal-Mart stores among others. Companies can create shared value in three major ways that are re-evaluating products and markets, redefining productivity in the value chain, and building supportive industry clusters at the companys locations. According McConnell et al. (2012), companies are beginning to realign their operational and production activities to meet the customer’s requirements in terms of the quality of goods and services that they produce. For example, food industries are now focusing on better nutrition instead of the traditional taste and quantity, in the technology sector computer manufactures such as IBM and Intel are now designing machines, which are more energy efficient. These are examples of where shared value has been created through development of products that meet societal needs. In the process of creating value, a company affects and in turn is affected by several social factors such as natu ral resource, working conditions, health and safety, water use, and fair treatment of workers. These societal factors can positively be exploited by the company and turned into economic gains instead of costs. Even in the absence of regulation, organizations that cannot create shared value still have to incur internal costs from externalities. To support this argument, Porter and Marker explain that Wall-Mart was able to create shared value by reducing its packaging and adopting new routes for its trucks to cut 100 million miles from its delivery routes in 2009.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Porter and Marker identified six major areas through which productivity in the value chain can be redefined. These are energy use and logistics, resource use, procurement, distribution, employee productivity, and location. Organizations have continuously revised their opera tions in order to come up with processes that are more energy efficient. This has been necessitated by continuous increase in oil prices and the rising opportunities for energy efficiency. This has resulted into efficient use of energy resources through better technology such as the computers manufactured by IBM and Intel, recycling, use of natural energy sources like the sun, windmill to light homes and irrigate farms respectively. Porter gives the example of British retailer Mark and Spencer initiative of stopping to source supply from distant places and shipping them to where the company is located. This initiative is projected to reduce costs by $175 million per annum by the financial year 2016 and significantly reduce on carbon emissions. According to Halbert et al. (2008), technological advancement together with environmental awareness is reshaping new ways in which we use resources such as water, raw materials, packaging of finished goods as well as recycling and re-use. Thro ugh technological advancement, it is predicted that better resource utilization will be finally embraced by all stages in the value chain. Coca-cola for instance has reduced its water intake by approximately 9% from the base year 2004It is almost halfway of achieving a 20% reduction by 2012. Dow Chemical’s is yet another example. It saved $4 million through cutting its water use by one billion gallons. According to porter when a company uses its monopoly power to exploit suppliers through payment of low prices for their supply, then the farmers are unlikely to remain productive and less likely to improve the quality of supplies. To increase productivity and ensure quality supplies companies should invest in providing inputs to farmers, sharing technology and financing the operations.Advertising We will write a custom article sample on Critique on Creating Shared Value specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this way, they will be creating quality volumes of supply for themselves as well strengthening the suppliers. (Shared value) Nepresso one of the Nestle fastest growing divisions, has registered a significant growth of 30% since 2000. It has achieved these by formulating a procurement process that helps the small farmers in poor rural areas of Africa and Latin America. It has worked with these growers giving them advice on best farming practices, extending loan facilities, helping them acquire inputs such as fertilizer and plant seeds. It further established weighing facilities for coffee at the point of sale, a bonus paid to owners of quality beans directly to improve their incentives. This has resulted in breaking the cycle of poverty and improved environment. Nestle on the other hand was able to get continuous supply of good coffee (shared value created).this point further emphasizes the advantage of making the suppliers capable then buying from them. According to Gross Compa (2009), companies are real izing that investments in employee productivity through offering health cover, helping employees quit smoking cost less compared to costs associated with poor health of staff. In deed, even governments have been complaining that the total cost of treating smoking related diseases is much greater than the revenue derived from taxing tobacco products. This point out that even government needs to embrace the concept of shared value. Johson and Johnson Company saved a total of $250 million on health care costs. For each dollar spent on wellness programme since 2008, the company had a return of $2.75 in addition to a more productive work force. Modern business can no longer afford to move from once place to another in search for cheap labor and raw materials. This is because distant operations create more costs like the cost of buying supplies from one hemisphere then delivering them to another hemisphere, additionally, cost of energy and carbon emissions limit such mobility. Forbes maga zine (2011) notes that a mobile laboratory BMW Guggenheim lab will travel to nine major cities in the world in a span of nine years. It aims at getting new ideas in the areas of urbanization, architecture, science and technology, design and education that will address issues of current urban life through public discussions and programmes.Advertising Looking for article on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The current global economic challenges that include double food production, increased demand for energy, water management, global warming are avenues through which business can think come up with a solution through long term sustainable and profitable growth that also focuses on social involvement. Furthermore, there is need to re engineer the model by which resources are used because it is more resource intensive and cannot be sustainable in the end. According to Zadak, in the pyramid of corporate social responsibility organizations have to be compliant with the laws, with the codes, and the values that it has (Including shared value). For weaknesses, in my view, the new model of shared value is a little biased. On one side, we can measure the returns to the firm through use of financial statements, but on the contrary, no framework by which we can measure the social aspects of the return. Secondly, how is it possible to achieve harmony between NGOs and private companies in the pro vision of societal services? NGOs view the society as aid recipients; private companies on the other hand view the same people as customers. References Forbes Magazine. (2011). Three great examples of shared value in action. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/csr/2011/06/14/three-great-examples-of-shared-value-in-action/ Gross, A. Compa, A. (2009). Human rights in labor and employment relations. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Halbert, T. Ingulli, E. (2008). Law and ethics in business environment. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. McConnell, C. R. et al. (2012). Economics (19th Edn.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Inovation on action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Inovation on action - Essay Example Credit cards also changed from single purpose to multi-purposes in which they can be used for even hundreds of services as long as the limit allows. Use of credit cards is very convenient and secure which is the main selling point of the cards. Individuals as well as businesses prefer the use of credit cards for this purpose. However, there are a number of risks associated with these cards. Fraud and security risks have increased especially with the introduction of internet. At the same time, the use of credit cards has been associated with controversies. Most credit cards allow people to borrow money they do not have and with the debt ceiling limits, they are thought to contribute to high debt. Addressing the challenges associated with the credit card use can make them very sustainable, convenient and safe Use of plastic cards for payments is one of the best innovations in the payment industry, having many benefits appreciated by individuals but also has some risks History First Gen eration Unlike what most people would expect, the use of cards goes back to the 19th century. The first credit card was produced in 1880 in the United Kingdom. Customers would be issued with the voucher which they could use to shop from certain shops. After shopping, a person who was responsible for collecting the money used from the clients would go to their homes to collect the money. The method was convenient and offered the clients the security they deserved. The use of these vouchers is not well documented and it is not known for how ling it was used (Longemann, 2012). A few decades later, companies in the United States started to use credit cards as way of maintaining customers. In this case, customers were issued with loyalty cards which would allow them to buy goods and pay later. The cards were limited to the stores issuing them and clients could only use the cards at those particular stores or their branches. Oil companies also issued cards to their employees every three t o six months for entertainment. These cards improved business as the issuing businesses knew that the clients they provided the cards would always go back to those stores. At the same time, clients were happy that they could be allowed to make purchases only to pay later. It was convenient for the customers as they did not have to carry money around all the time they were to make purchases. In addition, they could make purchases even when they did not have money at hand (Sienkiewicz, 2001). About a decade later, Western union started to offer metallic cards to their clients. The cards gave the customers with the cards certain preferences over customers who did not have those cards (The U.K Cards Association, n.d). These cards can be termed as the first generation cards but had a lot of limitations. Second generation The next generation cards were much better compared to the first ones. This generation of cards was started by a banker at Flatbush National Bank of Brooklyn, New York, John Biggins. Biggins realized there were many people using the ban and needed something unique to retain the customers. He invented credit scripts which would be used by the consumers to make small purchases at selected merchants. Customers would present the script to the merchant who would copy the information on the script on the payment slip which would later be deposited to the bank. The customers and the merchants had to be members of the Flatbush bank for transfer of money between accounts to be completed

Case study and analysis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

And analysis - Case Study Example Frozen food is also brought in from the kitchen and taken upstairs to the loft where the customers are seated (http://www.rom.on.ca/en/visit-us/shopping-dining/food-studio-caf%C3%A9). On the other hand, c5’s seating arrangement is in a lounge and there are no open spaces to view the kitchen. The lounge is however free from the kitchen noises as it uses a conventional system where the kitchen is far away from the lounge itself. c5 opens from Monday to Sunday between 11am and 3 pm but also has evening services where they have no minimum fee for food and beverages and the charges usually are $1000. According to the Royal Ontario Museum website, both food cafà © and c5 restaurant lounge offer great services including provision of 10% discount to the ROM (Royal Ontario Museum) members (Royal Ontario Museum, n.d., Shopping and Dining). The c5 restaurant lounge website (http://www.c5restaurant.ca/) portrays the restaurant seems as being more elegant and hence will attract highly rated and elegant clients and especially so because of their scenic location (at the pinnacle of the Michael Lee-Chin Crystal with its amazing architecture). It is designed in a lounge manner hence offering privacy, comfort, superb atmosphere most rich and highly classed people normally require and their menu is also on the elegance side (Medicoff, 2007). On the other hand, food cafà © seems to be a food court that is attended by â€Å"the common man† who is mainly in a hurry and does not mind the location, seating arrangement or comfort as long it is convenient enough to grab a quick bite and leave. This is the exact reflection of this cafà © with its open loft space seating around 350 people hence no privacy or comfort, there is noise from the open kitchen and a lot of diners and hence their equipment does not fully serve the pur pose and they may require to expand on their space especially during the peak season where there are many people and less production equipment to serve